More often than not, during medieval fairs, you see medieval surgery equipment, so i wondered if peasants or merchants could afford surgeries or doctor visits. i kept the era broad because i dont really know when this equipment was used.
Green, Monica. "Women's Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14, no. 2 (1989): 434-473.
This article seems to suggest that there were many distinctions in what we would term 'doctors'- peasants may have had more access to 'lay' doctors
On the other hand, Hammond, E A. "Incomes of Medieval English Doctors." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 15 (1960): 154-69.
Suggests that treatment was based on the income of the client and many factors went into coming up with a price for treatment, 1) his own position 2) the position of the patient 3) the severity of the disease all needed to be considered before charging
Henri de Mondeville, a physician to King Philip the Fair of France noted in the previously referenced text "The first class are paupers who must be treated for nothing; the second class are a little better off and may send presents of fowls and ducks; they pay in kind. The third class are friends or relatives who pay no fixed fee, but send victuals or presents in token of gratitude but no money . . . Then there is a class embracing those who are notoriously bad payers, such as our nobility and their households, government officials, judges, baillies, and lawyers whom we are obliged to treat because we dare not offend them. (In fact the longer we treat these people the more we lose. It is best to cure them as quickly as possible and to give them the best medicines.) Lastly there is a class who pay in full, and in advance, and they should be prevented from getting ill at all, because we are paid a salary to keep them in health."