This is a rather broad question. To get you started, here are a few older /r/AskHistorians threads that are probably relevant:

• At the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, it seems like pro-Imperialist forces were anti-modernization, what changed that allowed for the soon-after Meiji restoration?

• What was Japanese military culture like between the Meiji Restoration and the rise of the militarist faction before WWII?

• Meiji Japan: was the 'Rangaku', or Dutch scientific knowledge built up in the pre-Meiji period, essential to the fast modernization of Japan in the end of the 19th century?

• What exactly forced Japan to modernize during the Meiji period?

• What were the social and socioeconomic consequences of the Meiji Restoration?

• When did people in Japan find out about the theory of (biological) Evolution? When did it become commonly accepted by scientists there?

You may also want to reference an encyclopedia like Wikipedia on the topic of the Meiji Period. Then, if you have a more specific question about the importation and adaptation of foreign ideas and technology, please feel free to ask it.