Well, few decades before the fall life was pretty good, apart from slight antisemitism. Massive anti-Zionist propaganda started by communist government had a little impact because at that time most of the Soviet propaganda was not effective. The only known anti-semitic government measure was an artificial limit for Jews to go to popular universities.

After the fall anti-semitism was getting higher (due to general rise in nationalism) however most of the Jews started to emigrate to Israel, USA, Argentina, Europe... Exodus was so massive that there was a sad anecdote from these days: "Last one leaving Russia, please turn airport' lights off"