Yes; the equivalent of a duke or count was called a "Bey". Anatolia was, in the 12-1300s, fractured and separated into lots of different countries, called "Beyliks". These were run by Beys but the term was used then to denote a king. The Beylik of Osman turned to be the dominant military power after defeating Byzantium, and after becoming a Sultanate Asia Minor was quickly conquered. The meaning of Bey was changed to mean the ruler of a province in the Empire, obviously stemming from the tribal leaders in the centuries beforehand.

Other titles include Sultan and Sultana, the king and queen of the Empire; Timarji/Timariot, the ruler of a Timar (plots of land given autonomy from the state, usually incorporating no more than a village or town); Sheik al-Islam, the leading religious authority in the state; Janissary, an elite soldier chosen from birth (originally from Christian slave families) who acted as the Ottoman's standing army force and were given large plots of land in return.