Questions about naval ships the British used in WWI

by mechanicalari

Hi AskHistorians! I'm doing a paper on WWI, and I had a few questions about it. I'm doing this on the Battle of Jutland, so if you know anything specific to that, that'd be great, but any time in WWI is fine :) So in WWI, what were the type of ships they used? Was it only the dreadnoughts? And what were they like, do you guys have any cool first hand experiences stories/links or anything? If not, it's totally cool :)

Also, I've been looking for this information for a while, but I can't really find the specific, even while using ProQuest and SIRS and what not, but how were the ships laid out for the UK, there is a lot on the Germans, but not much for the Brits. How were they built, what jobs corresponded to what rooms, where would the ships often get hit?

Thanks so much!!

jschooltiger

Hi there! Not to do your paper for you, :-) but I can certainly point you in a few directions.

So, the main line of battle for both sides at Jutland were dreadnought-type ships, but they were basically divided into two kinds: dreadnought battleships, and dreadnought battlecruisers. (There were also scouting/screening ships, mainly cruisers and destroyers, in the fleets.) Battleships were more heavily armored than battlecruisers but slower, while the battlecruisers were faster but carried light armor (in Churchill's memorable phrase, they were eggshells armed with sledgehammers).

And what were they like, do you guys have any cool first hand experiences stories/links or anything?

I would recommend starting here with a few books, and taking a look into the bibliographies to help expand the source list. Lavery's "Able Seamen" is a good start (see below).

how were the ships laid out for the UK, there is a lot on the Germans, but not much for the Brits.

If you can get your hands on a copy of "Jane's Fighting Ships" from the period, this will help out a lot. Most ships were laid out in a similar manner, with the major difference between British and German ships being in their internal subdivision and somewhat in the armoring scheme (again, not to do your paper for you, but that's a good spot to start). I would recommend checking a university library, although it may take a while.

Some book recommendations:

Brian Lavery, Able Seamen: The Lower Deck of the Royal Navy, 1850-1939 covers training, changes in jobs, and personal accounts of seamen during WWI.

Robert K. Massie's Dreadnought and Castles of Steel cover some of the information you're looking at regarding construction, and the second in particular has an account of the actual battle that will answer some questions about where ships were hit.

Andrew Gordon's The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command gets pretty far into the weeds about signaling and command and control, but it does have some outstanding information about how fleets were commanded, moved around, and also why the British in particular took the type of damage they did at Jutland.

DBHT14

To build on this grand answer by my fellow flair! The accurate Orders of Battle for the Grand Fleet and High Seas Fleet can be found easily through Google so I dont feel bad expanding upon them briefly.

The fleets at Jutland consisted of a variety of ships.

You had the battle lines of Dreadnoughts. The British had some extra large and fast 'Super Dreadnoughts" and the Germans had a squadron of Pre-Dreadnoughts.

Then there were the independent battlecruiser fleets for both sides.

Then the cruiser fleets, both sides had squadrons of light cruisers, and the British had a squadron of pretty useless Armored cruisers and lost 3 of them.

Both sides also had gaggles and scores of destroyers, and the British even had a Sea Plane carrier!

In general terms British ships were a bit faster, with a MUCH heavier broadside weight of shot. But German ships were better armored, and more structurally sound. German ships also had a larger number of torpedo tubes, even on the battleships.

Most navies in the lead up to WW1 (with the US being a notable exception) focused greatly on vertical armor, which was important to stop shots coming in at flatter trajectory and shorter ranges but Jutland was fought at ranges that even in 1910 would have been borderline impossible, but dedicated training and better gun laying and fire control technology had upped the ranges possible. Thus the ships were more vulnerable to plunging fire.

German ships were also generally less comfortable for their crews. The idea being that the ships would be in port very frequently and the crews could live in shore barracks.

Castles of Steel would be of great help to you, it is my go to suggestion for introductory histories of the war. The other are also TOP NOTCH more in depth histories on the topic.

spartanburger91

If you have an opportunity, check out Winston Churchill's World Crisis. He elaborates quite a bit on the naval technology of the era, ship design, doctrine, funding the Royal Navy, and the shipbuilding programs prior to and during the war.

Second_Mate

For details on the design and capabilities of the ships themselves, this http://www.amazon.co.uk/Conways-Worlds-Fighting-1906-1921-History/dp/0851772455 is very good.