Sorry that this question got hijacked OP. This is the explanation that /u/saxonjf gave last time this was asked. Hope it helps you out :)
"You have to understand, those weren't the only states with British-based names: Georgia was named after George II, North and South Carolina were named after Charles II, and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen, Elizabeth I. Even Maryland may have been named for Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I. That means as many as 8 of the 13 colonies were named after people connected to the English monarchy, or English places (like New Jersey or New Hampshire).
People don't change place names lightly. Even in colonial times, some colonial names had existed for over a hundred years. Even back then, changing place names would have meant radical changes in all documents and paperwork. And for their frustration with the mother country, most Americans were of English breeding. They spoke English, learned English history, and followed English customs. It just wasn't in the cards for even the most radical Anglophobe to essentially wreck American society just for new places names."
Established names were rarely changed, but there were changes in the way new names were made. Naming things after kings, lords, etc, ended. Famous people of the Revolution, like Washington and Lafayette, became a popular source for new names.
There were a few people in the 1780s and 90s who called for a wholesale changing of names, cutting away names with royalist origins. But most people were content with the established names. The easiest names to change were those for the smallest things, like streets. A number of streets in New York City were changed or consolidated. Prince was changed to Rose, Crown to Liberty, etc. Some names escaped, like Hanover. Many cities changed a street name here and there to things like Federal. But this was usually more about enthusiasm for the new country than rejection of British names. For example in Boston, just after the Constitution was ratified, a street was renamed Federal Street. Its original name, however, was wholly inoffensive and un-royal: Long Lane.
There was a change in the suffixes used for town names. The suffixes -town and -borough were seen as overly British and their use declined rapidly. The clipped form of -town, -ton, had already become common, and after the Revolution -ton generally replaced -town. Many established -town places changed their names to -ton—like Charles Town, South Carolina, which officially became Charleston in 1783. Some -borough towns changed their names, often to -boro, which was seen as less British.
The suffix -ville became suddenly very popular. Today -ville is so common it seems quite "American", but its use is almost completely post-Revolutionary. Some of the pre-Revolution examples are not really suffixes—like Granville, Massachusetts, which was named for the British Earl of Granville. After the Revolution there was much enthusiasm for the French, especially in places like Kentucky, where Louisville was named in 1780. The tradition of naming things -ville took hold in this era.
The suffix -burg also became popular, taking over things like -town. Although -burgh came from Scotland it felt less British, especially when spelled -burg. Pittsburgh, a gateway to the west, helped spread the use of -burg/h. Unlike -ville, which could be added to almost anything (eg, Rockville), -burg was usually attached only to personal names.
With new territories/states the tradition of using Native American names, usually after major rivers, quickly took hold (eg, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio).
Still, there were many names that had originally come from Britain but had been established for so long they had become American. Names like Plymouth, Winchester, and Richmond. When settlers in Ohio named a town Granville they were not thinking of the British Earl of Granville but of a town in Massachusetts.
George R. Stewart, Names on the Land