Were there Jacobites who supported James II despite being Protestant? When one studies the Jacobite Rebellions, we are told that a major reason why many Highland Scots initially supported James II is because of his Catholicism. Yet were there also supporters of James II for political or ideological reasons?
The English Tory party during the Whig supremacy (1715-1760) was a predominately Jacobite party and they were also staunchly Anglican. According to Anglican/Tory theory, James III (the Old Pretender) was the legitimate ruler due to hereditary descent.
The Tories in Parliament cooperated with opposition Whigs after being instructed to do so by James both in 1730 and 1741. The reason why the English Tories did not join the Young Pretender in 1745 is because they had repeatedly requested that any Jacobite rising should be supported by a large body of foreign troops to ensure success.
Source: Romney Sedgwick (ed.), The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1715-1754. I: Introductory Survey, Appendices, Constituencies, Members A-D (London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1970). See the chapter on the Tories.
Oh my, good timing on this question. I'll try to come back with better numbers later, but for now, as others have said, yes, yes, and yes. There were certainly Anglican supporters, but also Episcopalian ones predominantly in the northeast of Scotland. Aberdeen was both a large Episcopalian stronghold and a huge Jacobite support area during both the '15 and the '45, for example, and there were approximately 1000 non-juring Episcopalians in Edinburgh during the '45. Even the Highlands themselves were very minority Catholic at this time, but I'd have to grab my books to verify exact numbers--right now I have a fluke frost warning to deal with, but as I said, I'll come back once everything is safely covered.
The Myth of the Jacobite Clans, for one, has a lot of good information on the religious composition of the Jacobites, but also dismantles even the idea of the "Highlands" as being a well-defined or politically important "thing" at the time of the rising. Chapter 1 makes a good case for "North of the Forth" being a far better representative of political differences.
And finally, yes, I'd say that most of the Jacobites did support James II and later James III and Charles Edward on political and ideological grounds rather than purely religious ones. I think it's in the same book that a lovely excerpt of a man's final letter is provided, where he states he is opposed to the Catholic faith, but believes that only God can stand in judgment of the King and thus he goes to his grave a loyal Stuart supporter...I'll look it up, too.