https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqe9P0i-y94
this video inspired me to ask this question here. please watch it completely so you'd get a proper idea of what he is talking about.
its "Islamic" golden age. those are "Muslim scientists", never just "scientists". so everyone assumes that without Islam non of that would happened. that Islam paved the way for such advancements. without islam, no "arabic" numerals would be taught to European merchants by the muslim merchants from nations identifying themselves as Muslim. no translation of ancient greek and romans would have happened, hence those works being lost forever. without Islam there would be no surge to collect as many knowledge books as possible from around the world. certainly things would be differently without islam. BUT how much of that is truly Islam's doing?
it is said that Calculus was invented by two people at the same time in two different countries. scientific advancements would surely have happened no matter what, but how much would science be set back had Islam not existed? which is where i assume the credit to Islams part in scientific advancements should be found, if there is any.
The word Islam is often used in historical discussions to refer to Islam kingdoms that existed everywhere from Mali and Morocco to India and Indonesia. A lot of kingdoms and dynasties came and went, and we use the term "Islam world" to collectively refer to them.
Now, this is an alternatehistory video, so it should obviously be taken with a grain of salt. It is irrefutable that a lot of the basis for modern mathematics and science came from the Islam world. But how much of that is because of the Islam religion and its beliefs, rather than the rich lands, large population, and governmental focus on research? That's a much more complicated question.