Can only provide a very limited answer but will give you what i know!

In some circles it only solidified it, the wars showed the brutality of modernity, a project which was supposed to bring prosperity and peace. This distrust of modernity (and the science which came along with it) would have cemented religious belief in some

Among those who grew up during the war (especially ww2) there was a wave of disdain. This is shown in the Angry Young Men cultural movement (John Osborne/Kingsley Amis/John Braine). This disdain was aimed at the institution of the church rather than religion itself. It was felt that people no longer followed the word of God but what the Church told them to believe. In Britain this was rooted in the Spanish Civil War as much as the WW's. Many British fought against Fascism in Spain but due to Britain's neutral position they were treated poorly when they returned. Many struggled to reconcile the fact that family/members of the community went to fight Fascism but were then treated as lepers by the nation, a nation which claimed to be Christian. The book Look Back in Anger pushes this point of people being so busy going to church that they no longer feel compassion towards eachother.

It's only a small part of what you asked but hope this is of some use!