After the 1st world war, much of Ottoman territory was occupied by European powers (most notably by France and England) and Armenia became an independent country. However, much of Turkey was also planned to be occupied as well. The partitioning of Turkey, as it was called, was a joint effort between Greece, Italy, France and England to divide Turkey between the 4 powers. A.K.A, The treaty of Sévres

Turkey, or Anatolia in that case, was already partially occupied by European armies, Constantinople and Izmir had already been occupied by Greece. Much of the already dissatisfied population of Turkey weren't all too happy with it and sparked the rise of the Turkish National Movement. Though the original ideals of the movement had been to take down the Ottoman Sultanate, it gained a lot of support after European occupation. Ataturk was the party leader of the political element of the movement. The first call they made was the Amasaya Agreedment, which was the following:

• The unity of the motherland and national independence are in danger.
• The Istanbul government is unable to carry out its responsibilities.
• It is only through the nation's effort and determination that national independence will be won.
• It is necessary to establish a national committee, free from all external influences and control, that will review the national situation and make known to the world the peoples desires for justice.
• It has been decided to hold immediately a National Congress in Sivas, the most secure place in Anatolia.
• Three representatives from each province should be sent immediately to the Sivas Congress. To be prepared for every eventuality, this subject should be kept a national secret.
• There will be a congress for the Eastern Provinces on July 10. The delegation from the Erzurum Congress will depart to join to the general meeting in Sivas.

This was the starting point of the Turkish war of Independence. In short, the Turkish succeeded, the Sultanate was overthrown and the region of Anatolia remained mostly unchanged with the exception of Armenia's independence.

Through Ataturk reforms