I'm not sure if this is completely the right subreddit, as it may be more of a social science question but involves history.
From my understanding, both Asians and Africans were highly discriminated against when they first started to arrive in America. Both groups started very low on the "socioeconomic totem pole." However, the descendents of Asian immigrants seem to have overcome these challenges while the descendents of African immigrants have not. Asian Americans score higher than almost every other ethnic group despite on tests and have the highest average wages.
Why is this? Clearly, no ethnic group is inherently superior to another, so what historical factors played into allowing Asian Americans to rapidly climb the socioeconomic ladder?
to respond to your deleted comment which provided your justification for the question (said justification was look at stuff like census data to show that current asian americans are among the wealthiest minority subgroup in America).
this simply doesn't establish what you want it to establish. The problem is you're working under an implicit assumption that there has been no immigration past a certain date for these numbers which just isn't justified and thus problematic. asian americans in the us today just aren't the uniformly descendents of the Chinese who helped build the transcontinental railroad. e.g.
by comparison, growth in the Asian American population has been fueled primarily by immigration. Fully 74% of Asian adults in 2012 were foreign born according to Pew Research Center analysis of Census data, and international migration accounted for about 61% of the total change in the Asian American population from 2012 to 2013. (Asian American figures represent the population who reported their race alone or in combination with one or more races, and includes Hispanics. Hispanics are of any race.)
with census data http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk
compare this to a black population where only 1/13 is foreign born
https://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/acs-11.pdf
so on some level the data you're using falls apart when we look at the semi recent immigrant communities your asking about. looking at recent black immigrants from non impoverished backgrounds such as nigerian americans we don't see a failure to ascend socioeconomic totempoles and this may be the real 1 to 1 comparison. i assume you really want to talk about blacks navigating in a post slave society but that wrecks the value of the data points you were citing as establishers of proof.
despite my answer there is a lot of room for a more properly historical answer or answers about the history of the asian american populations and the history of black america but the basic differences i've described seem to indicate these are questions which ought be separated.
Maybe you could try /r/AskSocialScience ?