Chamber pots were in use into the later 1800s. For a lot of the West, once you're out of the city, the outhouse and chamber pot are the norm until after WW2. There are a number of American catalogs of pre-cut houses (we send you all the marked pieces and you just nail it together to match the plans) from the 1920s where bathrooms are not included in all or sometimes most layouts, even in something with four bedrooms, two stories tall. These were probably meant for rural, farm houses, or vacation homes out in the country.

Certainly, Versailles had no bathrooms.

Could we get a source on who says the (presumably flush) toilet was introduced in the Middle Ages?