Sorry, we don't allow throughout history questions. These tend to produce threads which are collections of trivia, not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about a historical event or period or person, please feel free to re-compose your question and submit it again. Alternatively, questions of this type can be directed to more appropriate subreddits, such as /r/history or /r/askhistory.

As a side note, the word you are looking for is "Kritarchy". There have been a few in various times, so if you narrow it down to asking how one period of it worked - such as in Ancient Israel for example - that would be fine.