In general, however, it seems that the Tetragrammaton (the ineffable four letter name of G-d) is associated with the South, particularly the southern wastes (the Negev Desert and similar places). If He does have a geographical origin outside of the land of Israel, it is likely somewhere to the South. One of the main problems is we have no historical record of Israelites outside of the biblical account in the earliest periods, the archeological evidence doesn't point unambiguously to any one clear origin, all the Biblical texts are undated. The G-d of Israel, being aniconic, is particularly hard to trace. You'll have a cultic stand with a blank space on it, and archeologists will ask, "Is this an attempt to iconically represent the Tetragrammaton, which resists iconic representation?"

There's also a theory that YHVH is the causative form of the Hebrew root meaning "to be", meaning roughly "He who caused to Be", so when we see the name translated as "LORD of the Hosts", it could be reparsed as "He who caused the heavenly host to be". This is fairly convincing, especially in light of G-d's answer to Moses, "I am who I am" or "I am I am" (Exodus 3:14). This would point to the name being a title, rather than a proper name originally.

G-d's other common name in the Hebrew Bible is "El" or "Elohim". This relates to the West Semitic word meaning "god" and also the name of the chief of Caanite pantheon. Arabic is a South Semitic language, but Allah comes from the exact same origin. See more about El in Ugaritic myth (Ugarit is the best preserved source of pre-Israelite documents from the Land of Canaan). Particularly convincing is some presumably early texts seem to imply that people think G-d had a consort, Asherah. It's confusing because in the Hebrew Bible there's also references to Asherah as a sacred pole or maybe a sacred grove associated with cultic sites, so it's unclear in the text whether Asherah represents a diety or an object or a place.

You can point to many points of similarity between Israelite religious practices and those of other Ancient Near Eastern peoples, but there are clear differences. It's ultimately unclear exactly how Israelite monotheism emerged, and what its exact relationship was to other traditions. Some argue that strict monotheism dates to the earliest stratum of Israelite history but country folk ('am ha'eretz) continued to conduct religious rituals to other gods. Others argue that strict monotheism wasn't consolidated until the reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah, just before the Babylonian Exile. The exact origins of the Tetragrammaton and the monotheistic thought associated with it will never be fully clear.

Mark Smith in The Early History of God and The Origins of Biblical Monotheism traces the original cult center of Yahweh to the town of Tayma in NW Arabia. According to this theory the proto-Israelites were a combo of local Canaanites and migratory shepherds (much like the modern bedouins). The migratory shepherds were spending part of their time in and around Tayma where they picked up Yahweh worship and then carried him into Canaan where he was adopted by their more settled relatives. He then first joined the Canaanite pantheon and then superseded it.

The theory isn't universally accepted yet, but it has become the most popular among biblical academics. Other competing theories are that he was imported from Mesopotamia or that Yahweh originally started as a nickname for the Canaanite God El, and eventually replaced or superseded El.