There has been significant debate over how the commandment against "graven images" should be applied. For Judaism, it means no images for God, and no sculpture outside a few divinely commanded exceptions. Islam is strict about no images of God or His prophets, with images of humans and animals in general being discouraged. Christianity has a number of different positions. Both the Byzantine and Protestant Iconoclasts (anti-image) were against images depicting religious figures, especially Christ God, but not images of civil figures. The conservative Iconodule (pro-image) position allows for images of civil and religious figures, with great emphasis on including Christ God because of the Incarnation, but excluding God the Father as immaterial, uncircumscript, and undepictable, and with an aversion to sculpture. The more liberal Iconodule position is similar, but allows for images of God the Father and for sculpture. Modern day Protestants lean towards iconoclasm, but have softened considerably since the Reformation. Roman Catholics tend to hold the liberal Iconodule position, and Eastern Orthodox tend to hold the conservative Iconodule position.

The classic work defending the conservative Iconodule position is St. John Damascene's Three Treatises on Divine Images. The Protestant Iconoclast position is presented fairly well in Calvin's Institutes, Book I, iirc. Those are the two I am most familiar with.