Holy Sh@t! A Brief History of Swearing is a book on the history of Western swearing, but due to good luck in stumbling on sources, I have to disagree with the author on when cursing and swearing gave way to scatalogical references, shall we say.
Vulgar language was literally swearing ("By God ...") and cursing ("Damn you to Hell!"). Mohr finds one example in an American frontier court of the f-word being flung around (and the users being castigated by the judge for their language), and from this decides that everyone was cussing like we do in the mid 1800s.
However, in my interest in historical crime, I had previously read the memoires of a gentleman missionary to the criminals of the London prisoners. He was quite used to them as people, but he notes that when he had first begun his work, these people who spoke fouly as their only tongue, cursed and swore. Around 1880 this began to change, until even a better class of criminal, like peculating clerks, casually used sh@t, cr@p, and f@ck in describing events.
The difference here being between one unusual situation, and an observance of what was commonly done for cussing.
So you can't treat an era as long as the Victorian as one social thing. You can't treat all English speakers as one habit, and you have to allow for class differences.
Paraphrasing Magnus Ljung's Swearing - A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study:
The Victorian Era being as moralizing as it was, swearing in polite society faded away (With the exception of the military). A lot of minced religious swearing became common - "Jiminy Cricket!", "Gee Whiskers!", "Crikey!", "Gosh!", etc, in place of words/phrases like "Jesus Christ!", "Christ!", and "God!".
Of course, that really only affected the upper and middle classes. The lower classes and the military kept on swearing in a similar vein to what was popular in the 18th century, which Ljung calls "the high point of English swearing." From 18th century plays and novels we have examples of "fanciful variations" like "Damn my blood!", "Hell and the devil confound me!", "By hell!", and "Damn that son of a bitch!"
So to my eye it looks as though religious swearing (blasphemy) would have been the norm.