Perhaps OP's already aware of it, but I shall stress the fact the Dodecanese was an Italian possession from 1912-47.

Campochiaro was a model village built c. 1935 in order to host a few hundred 'settlers' (but note that Rhodes itself was never a colony) from Northern Italy and more specifically from the val di Fiemme, in the eastern part of Trentino.

Those folks were invited to Rhodes at the behest of the then-governor, Mario Lago, as part of a larger scheme connected with the massive construction campaign which was taking place all over the island: it also called for the establishment of a few rural communities from all over Italy, these particular colonists' task being the caretaking of local forests. Now, this very governor was able - by means of a rather conciliatory stance and his oculate policies - to foster a climate of relative peace and co-operation between the island's two communities but the appointment of a far more 'Fascist' and way less pleasant successor (Cesare Maria de Vecchi) was enough to spoil years of hard work.

The war, and then the German occupation, did the rest. Most settlers left between 1940 and 1943; a few remained until 1947... when Rhodes was united with Greece, the Italians expelled, and Campochiaro given its present name.

 

Source(s): Renzo Maria Grosselli et al., Gli uomini del legno sull’isola delle rose. La vicenda storica del villaggio italiano di Campochiaro a Rodi 1935-1947 (Curcu & Genovese, Trento 2012). Awkward title, awkward formatting!