I am unsure to what extent your question is serious or not. That being said, when it comes to the magical archetypes, several types of magic were in fact recognized, at least by the italian inquisition (an probarbly also by the later roman inquisition).

According to Matteo Duni, the inquisition used specific terms in order to distinguish magic according to their intent - and players of D&D and the like will recognize several of these. "Necromancy" for example, was not magic that dealt with the spirits of the dead, as it was in antiquity. Instead, it was considered to be the conjuration of demonic spirits in order to gain favors. "Maleficium" was the (not very frequently practiced) harmful magic. "Divination" was the attempt at aquiring the knowledge held by the spirits, be they dead or demonic. Healing magic were widespread, and apparently mixed in with traditional medicin and "scientific" (for the time") medicin.

Practitioners of magic, at least according to italian inquisitorial sources, seem to have developed reputations as experts or specialists in their respective fields. For example, if you were in the need of love magic (apparently often sought by women, possibly in the attempt of gaining a certain measure of control over their lives in a time where women did not enjoy equal rights compared to men), you would seek out an expert in this field. Likewise if you wanted to seek out hidden treasure, you would gain the services of someone who had a reputation for divination, and so forth.

Of course, the inquisition had their own interpretation of this. According to theology, all spirits (unless they were oficially approved by the church) were demonic in nature, and as such, all supernatural events had either a diabolical nature (which meant witchcraft) or a holy nature (which meant a miracle). As such, if we are to use D&D terms, according to the inquisition, all magic where either the work of clerics or warlocks. They seem to have believed that while love magic was impossible (that would mean that free will could be supressed, which theologically would be impossible) things like malificium was very much within the power of demons, and as such, perfectly possible.

I have not read a source that imply that any of these archetypes were officially recognized as a "job" so to speak - but it seems that unofficially, mages could gain a certain amount of fame/infamy, respect and/or money, through their various pratices.

EDIT: forgot my sources - if you are interested in this subject, I highly recommend the following: Duni Matteo, Under the Devil's Spell. Cristopher F. Black, The Italian Inquisition. Mary O'Neil's part in Inquisition in Early Modern Europe, edited by Stephen Haliczer. Their bibliographic references can lead you to even more.

/u/Blahdiblah2 has covered the magical classes extremely well, and I don't have enough knowledge to add to that.

The term "rogue" was first recorded in The Fraternity of Vagabonds by John Awdely, and was used in England's Vagabonds Act of 1572, where a rogue was described as a person who has no land, no master, and no legitimate trade or source of income, and puts them in the same category as vagabonds.

"Ranger" generally refers to a mounted military regiment, and got it's use as an term in RPGs from Dungeons and Dragons, where the creator, Greg Gygax, said he based the class off of Aragorn and the Rangers of the North from Tolkien's Lord of the Rings

As far as my research took me, "Beastmaster" is from the 1982 fantasy film of the same name.

I'm not entirely sure what you mean by "Dreadknight", so I can't be of much help there, sorry.

Ranger and beastmaster are ofc actual jobs. A ranger is a forester/ranger, basically. That's why the RPG class is nearly always associated with bows, forests, wandering the land, connection with animals etc.

A beastmaster will be whoever is in charge of a large collection of animals. Plenty of people have collected animals in the past. Usually very rich people, of course. You needed a dude to oversee your little zoo. Enter your 'beastmaster'.

The rest of em are dubious. Blah already went into the magic stuff. A rogue is just a thief, a dread knight sounds like a knight who is a jerk. Plenty of those people existed, but not as official jobs.