Do you have a specific time period and region in mind? Alexandria in particular hosted many Greek philosophers during the Hellenic and Roman periods, St Augustine was born in Hippo Regius (Algeria) and the Madrassahs in Morocco were particularly renowned during the Umayyad Caliphate and Cordoba periods.

Yet i somehow gather from your question that you might be more interested in Sub-Saharan Africa. Would I be correct in that assumption?

edit: Augustine was born in a smaller town in Numidia, further west of Hippo Regius.

Another subreddit that may prove helpful is /r/askphilosophy.

Ancient Egypt had a pretty strong philosophical tradition. There are even some pretty admiring passages about Egyptian philosophy in Ancient Greek writing (e.g. Plato's Timaios or Aristotle's Politics).

Here are some texts and names to get you started, if you are interested:

• Imhotep (~2700 BCE)
• Instructions of Kagemni (~2500 BCE)
• Ptahhotep (~2350 BCE)
• Instructions of Merikare (~1990 BCE)
• The Debate Between a Man and his Soul (~1900 BCE)
• The Eloquent Peasant (~1800 BCE)
• Instructions of Ani (~1500 BCE)
• Echnaton (~1350 BCE)
• Instructions of Amenemope (~1200 BCE)