I imagine the defeat in WW1 created a bit of doubt on weather the German nation could succeed and if it caused any rise of support for independence in states such as Bavaria, etc.
There was a Bavarian Soviet Republic that existed briefly in 1919-20, but it was quickly crushed by Reichswehr and Freikorps forces. There was also something of a Rhenish separatist movement, that had French sponsorship, but it to never took off.
The French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr and the hyperinflation of 1923 were some of the most serious crises in German history. The Ruhr was the industrial heartland of Germany and the passive resistance campaign led to economic dislocation, with the hyperinflation almost a social revolution. The German government had limited support in the Reichstag and seemed powerless to stop disintegration. It was at this time that far-left and far-right organisations became mass movements.
Separatist movements in the Rhineland and Bavaria sprang up and threatened to destroy the unity of the Reich, achieved fifty years previously by Bismarck. At the Paris Peace Conference, the French had wanted to undo Bismarck's work and partition Germany, as they believed a united Germany would remain the most powerful country in Europe, stronger than any European combination against it. This had been prevented by the British and Americans.
However, with the chaos in Germany in 1923, the French saw their chance and sponsored an independent Rhenish Republic in the Rhineland. But this support was half-hearted, and it was strongly opposed by the British, who used all their efforts to preserve the unity of Germany. They believed that supporting the French in dividing Germany would be an illegal affront to the Versailles Treaty and that only a united Germany could pay reparations.
The collapse of French will to back the separatists led to their failure. The historian Denis Brogan wrote that "If a coherent policy of bribing sections of Germany to escape from the Reich and its troubles had been undertaken, it might just possibly have succeeded". Separatism in Bavaria had a more popular appeal, and Hitler tried to utilise it to overthrow democracy. However the Bavarian police suppressed it.
Source: D. W. Brogan, The Development of Modern France (1870-1939) (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1940). F. L. Carsten, The Reichswehr and Politics: 1918 to 1933 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966).