Hitler's fascism targeted the Jews as the main source of evil in the world. Blacks were also subjected to their racism, but the key differences were that there were almost no blacks living within Germany at that time and that while the Nazis saw blacks as sub-humans, they didn't pose a threat in the Nazis' eyes. Jews, however, were seen as sub-humans with the cunning and intent to destroy the Aryan peoples. Hitler went as far as to explain every country's animosity towards Germany by claiming that it was the Jews who were secretly pulling the strings. According to him they controlled the Soviet Untion through Marxism, the US through Wall-Street and so on.

Modern day Neo-Nazism, at least in the US, targets blacks more than Jews because of similar racist ideas stemming from the heritage of slavery and 19th century racist theories. In fact, most modern-day Neo-Nazis, while still being anti-semitic, have shifted their focus towards attacking whichever minority is most exposed in their country and poses the largest threat in their opinion.

PS: If you want to read a first-hand account of what it was like to grow up in Nazi Germany as a black kid, I recommend this book

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Because Neo-Nazism and Nazism are different political ideologies. In the original Fascist movement, Whiteness wasn't a thing. You won't see mention of whiteness or white supremacy in original writings in Europe. Skin colour difference wasn't a thing.

The Nazis believed in German superiority, that they're the best race (in a social darwinist sense). You can see this, enemies of Germanic ancestry (i.e. Brits and French) were treated way better, in reality as in propaganda than the non-germanic slavs.

Whiteness as a thing, only comes to Europe in the 60ies, before that there were so few black people in Europe that it just wasn't an issue. Seeing whiteness as a central theme is an American thing at the dawn of the og Nazis. With immigration to Europe after WW2, anti-black hate becomes a thing, and gets interwoven with US based white supremacy ideology.

Also, as an addendum, Neo_nazism is a catch all term, and often is used to describe various ideological leanings. NDP and white supremacy groups in the US are often described as Neo-Nazis, but are often very different.

Nazis and Neo-Nazis are both White Supremacists, neither Blacks nor Jews are White; so both Nazis are against Blacks and Jews.