Absolutely. Whilst medical ideas being transferred to indigenous populations across the, for example, British Empire, were somewhat lacking any kind of contact resulted into the spread of diseases. Missionary missions to places such as Tahiti resulted in missionaries basically watching helplessly whilst congregations were decimated by smallpox, measles, syphilis etc. More than a third of the island of Anumej died from measles. The mission to Poonindie also resulted in a large number of deaths from imported diseases. I guess we can take a small amount of comfort from the fact a lot of imperial medics and missionaries also died from to them obscure tropical diseases.

I should add, a lot of these diseases were similar but happened a lot later than that in the US. Also the spread of issues such as syphilis weren't so prevalent across the US where it was more smallpox based. Colloquially for now we can also mention the spread of HIV introduced as colonial methods increased trade routes across Africa but I don't have the literature for that easily accessible right now (I'm between homes, lots is on storage)

Apologies for the missionary focus and relatively brief response, I have limited literature to hand right now.

9780199253487

If you want a further reading list let me know and I'll boot up my pc later and send it over.