Book recommendations on post-WW2 memorial culture in Germany, Austria and Japan?

by Itsalrightwithme

I'm particularly interested in a comparative study.

Thanks in advance!

kieslowskifan

Although memory studies has a very rich corpus of scholarship, there are not that many books that cover this particular trifecta. Part of the problem is linguistic, as mastering Japanese and German is quite difficult. Furthermore, Austria's own relatively unique postwar political position meant Austrian national identity, and consequently memory, went in a somewhat different trajectory than the other two states.

There are a few texts that analyze Germany and Japan from a comparative perspective. Two non-historians have covered the Japan-Germany angle: Ian Buruma's The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and in Japan and Culture and Power in Germany and Japan: The Spirit of Renewal by Nils-Johan Jørgensen. Buruma is a very prominent public intellectual and academic (in journalism, I believe- he wears a lot of hats), but has written pretty extensively upon the legacies of the Second World War. Jørgensen is a former diplomat with wide experience in both countries and examines the issue of national regeneration. One problem that these two pose is that as non-historians, they are not as rigorous in examining the scholarship surrounding memory and are sometimes more interested in politics (especially Buruma, who can be a bit prickly in his politics) than a balanced historical account. Although it is not about memory culture per se, writing history is often deeply connected with national memory cultures and Sebastian Conrad's The Quest for the Lost Nation Writing History in Germany and Japan in the American Century does a really great job of contextualizing how postwar historians in Japan and the FRG treated the concept of the nation in the aftermath of defeat. Conrad is one of the Young Turks among German historians (his dustjacket photo/homepage screams "I am a German intellectual!") and well worth examining. Partick Hein's 2010 article "Patterns of War Reconciliation in Japan and Germany. A Comparison" in the journal East Asia describes the various strategies, or lack of them, of German and Japanese leaders to acknowledge wartime aggression through wither real or symbolic acts.

For specific German memory culture and commemoration, two good starting places are Rudy Koshar's From Monuments to Traces: Artifacts of German Memory, 1870-1990 and the anthology The Work of Memory: New Directions in the Study of German Society and Culture which corrals a number of important scholars on German memory. For the problem of German victimhood and wider incorporation of the history of German memory into trauma studies, the anthology Germans as Victims edited by Bill Nivens is a good introduction. Although these books deal with memory in somewhat abstract terms, Koshar's Germany's Transient Pasts: Preservation and National Memory in the Twentieth Century deals with the preservation and reconstruction of physical memory (i.e. physical buildings).

For Austria, the anthology Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity is exactly what it says on the tin. Peter Utgaard's Remembering and Forgetting Nazism uses the Austrian educational system as a lens for how selective Austrian memory was for the Second World War and how the Waldheim scandal fractured, but did not destroy, the postwar consensus that Austria was Germany's victim.

Unfortunately, I am not as familiar with Japanese memory studies as I should be. Philip Seaton's Japan's Contested War Memories: The 'Memory Rifts' in Historical Consciousness of World War II is a relatively recent monograph that examines the Pacific War and the various contested memories about this seminal event in Japanese history. Seaton in particularly takes issue with the popular contention that Japan suffers from a collective amnesia about its war guilt as too simplistic. Seaton employs a full array of media studies to show a more variegated collective memory of the war than the more hegemonic master narratives of the war found in the US and PRC.