Based on other instances in history, what are some likely outcomes of the increasing financial inequality we are seeing recently?

It's utterly impossible to say. This is the issue with trying to model the future off of history: At the end of the day all those societies and cultures who experienced these types of upheavals are just fundamentally separate from ours. The society of France in 1789 is nothing like the society of America in 2015 or 1848 Germany to even 2015 Germany. It's just flat out not possible to make any meaningful predictions.