I find it harder than expected to research fundamentalism and anti-evolutionism in the United States. Were there any important figures from the early days of the debate (1860-1900) that led most other Americans to reject evolution for over 100 years?
One problem here is that fundamentalism is more recent than your time frame, most people date it to the US publication of a series of books called The Fundamentals, circa 1910, that rejected modern theology as well as evolution.
I am dubious about "most other Americans" rejecting evolution for over 100 years. Organized opposition to it , since 1910, would indeed be a great thing to track, because it might be more recent than you'd think: when the TN legislature finally repealed the infamous Monkey Law in 1966, it went down with only a little protest. Probably today there would be more, or at least efforts to modify it to something Creationist.