Yes. Here's an except from the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington, published in 1918 but set in the 1870s-1910s. This is from the very beginning where the author is taking a (remarkably modern-sounding) wry look at changing fashions since the 1870s:

In the early 'eighties, while bangs and bustles were having their way with women, that variation of dandy known as the "dude" was invented: he wore trousers as tight as stockings, dagger-pointed shoes, a spoon "Derby," a single-breasted coat called a "Chesterfield," with short flaring skirts, a torturing cylindrical collar, laundered to a polish and three inches high, while his other neckgear might be a heavy, puffed cravat or a tiny bow fit for a doll's braids.

The term the Gay Nineties was also used in the US starting in the 1920s to refer to the 1890s.