Throughout US history there was segregation in most fields, this included health. Some people were denied admissions, whilst others who were admitted were not giving the same conditions to black people as they did to white people.

Until the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, hospitals in the South and in the North either denied African-Americans admission, or accommodated them exclusively in segregated wards, usually in undesirable locations such as unheated attics and damp basements.

However, black people who were denied entrance to normal hospitals (which happened mostly in the South) went to special black hospitals.

Segregated Black hospitals included facilities created by Whites to serve African-Americans exclusively and they operated predominantly in the South.

Othe black people decided to create their own medical offices, hospitals, etc... that were controlled by blacks and not by whites.

Black physicians, fraternal organizations, and churches founded Black- controlled facilities

Source: The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage by Susan Altman

More here: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/brink-extinction-black-hospital