Was it a good time to be a farmer? What did it take for the farmers to be unsuccessful in their business?
I think you might need to be more specific. The 1830s were very different depending on where you lived, even to the level of regions of the United States, which is just one country.
I agree with pipkin42. Pick a region. A farmer in northern Ohio might have just found he could send his crop to New York City via the Erie Canal and be doing well. A planter in Mississippi could have had his loans called in, when Andrew Jackson broke the Bank of the US, and have "absquatulated" to Texas to avoid paying them, but another farmer there may have been less in debt and be getting rich from the cotton boom; a New York or New England farmer, facing competition from the Ohio farmer, might have switched to raising Merino sheep, but his sons might be looking in vain for any good land to buy...
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