When the Marseillese calls "come children of fatherland" , would that have meant something to a peasant in some far corner of the country, say Britanie or Alsace? Or would they more likely have a stronger local identity, like the Germans did until ww1?
In lieu of offering a quick answer, I'd recommend Yale's online French history course taught by John Merriman. He devotes a whole lecture to this topic and presents the major arguments on national identity in France. You can download and listen to, or watch the specific lecture here: http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-276/lecture-4