One aspect of this I can point to that was unique to the Middle East was that much of the irrigation of the lands of Greater Persia was dependent on the maintenance of a complex system of underground aqueducts called qanats. Either out of malice or simple mismanagement of an agricultural system on the part of nomadic rulers, large portions of the qanat network became unusable or were destroyed under Mongol rule.

I don't really understand the geology of this but my understanding is that this neglect of the agricultural system led to permanent damage to soil fertility on that greater Persian region, particularly due to increased salinity.

So in that sense Mongol rule had a permanent negative effect on the agriculture of the Middle East in a way that I don't believe occurred elsewhere under Mongol rule.