Did anyone, particularly black people, attempt to create a community separate from whites? Kind of a "screw you guys, we're going to do our own thing" movement.
Additionally, was there any segregation against whites in black owned businesses or venues?
Yes! I read about this a few weeks ago. Many of the initial black towns failed immediately as their founders realized that work ethic alone could not compensate for a lack of skilled tradesman and literate citizens. Others were more successful and some towns founded by former slaves exist today. Unfortunately, the same forces that cause other small towns to become deserted are at work on these rarely studied parts of our culture and history. The young move to larger cities, the old succumb to time, and the towns keep shrinking. I listened to an interview with a woman who runs her town's combined library and museum. They have artifacts of slavery and of the Civil War (including letters of commendation for black soldiers on either side) but she is worried one day there will be no one at all left in the town to care for the collection and worse, nobody who cares to come and see it.