Ataturk had a policy of keeping both his radical officers and the general public in the dark about his secular agenda. He did a pretty good job of consolidating power before coming clean.

While there were indeed rebellions(Kuva-yi İnzibatiye) and an assasination attempt(orchestrated by a trusted friend, Kazım Karabekir) caused by the secular reforms, revolts during and just after the foundation of Turkey were mostly nationalistic in nature. This is partly due to the British deciding on playing the ethnic card to instigate revolts in Anatolia during the Turkish Independence War, instead of the religion one.

Roots of the Kurdish rebellions that came soon after, and at least one Circassian revolt, as well as widespread Armenian and Greek gang activity, can all be safely traced back to that period. While the ordinary Anatolian probably hated the fact that they had to suffer a secular revolution, there is good chance that the general public either simply did not know what secularity even meant, or were too busy embracing their newfound ethinicity(Turkish) against the increasing number of armed threats that clearly identified themselves as something different.