Yes, the Romans faced insurgents known as bagaudae in Gaul and Spain during the last two centuries of the empire. There are various interpretations of these insurgencies, ranging from ethnic to religious to class warfare. The main outbreak was during the Crisis of the Third Century, but I’m more familiar with the later uprisings in the fifth century.

The most famous incident of the fifth-century uprising occurred when the Roman general Aetius ordered the federate Alan tribe to suppress the bagaudae in northwestern Gaul. The prominent bishop Germanus of Auxerre intervened on behalf of the bagaudae; the Alans agreed to postpone the expedition while Germanus went to Ravenna and asked the emperor to countermand Aetius. (Germanus died en route, and the final outcome is unknown.)

From this we can gather that—at this stage of the uprising—the counterinsurgency was driven by the regional military establishment, while the church and perhaps the central government were sympathetic to the bagaudae, and the federate tribes were ambivalent. Later on the Suevi sided with the bagaudae against local Roman government; but after that, as the federate tribes took over administration of Gaul and Spain, the bagaudae fade from the record.

If referring to the "hearts and minds" type of counter insurgency operation like the recent wars in the Middle East, the Imperial Romans did not engage in much of that. "Kill everyone" was much more politically acceptable and expedient for them.

Casualty numbers for revolts against the Romans were massive. Josephus was as prone to exaggeration as any other ancient historian, but his account for the first Jewish Revolt states 110,000 deaths in the siege of Jerusalem alone, and 1.3 million for the whole rebellion.

the relevant passage is here http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=J.+BJ+6.9.3