It's a mostly sorry tale, with suspicion and geopolitical calculation repeatedly getting in the way. Trade in fact continued throughout, sometimes at vaguely respectable levels though neither side pursued it with great enthusiasm after the early period when the USSR was keen to import western equipment to aid its industrialisation: in the 1920s dealings were conducted through Amtorg, a joint company along the lines of the USSR's Arcos London trade representation. After diplomatic relations were restored (1933), tariff reductions were agreed in 1935 and a trade promotion agreement was concluded in 1937, but commerce both ways totalled only about $100m on the eve of WW2 (most of it US exports). Wartime Lend-Lease aid transformed relations for a time, but the onset of the Cold War led to US export controls from 1948 and repudiation of the 1937 deal in 1951. Exchanges remained in the doldrums for two decades while Moscow developed ties with other CMEA economies, and trade both ways in the mid-1960s was back at the nominal levels of the late 1930s, far less in real terms. Détente, US relaxation of controls, a (largely stillborn) 1972 trade agreement and Soviet grain purchases brought big increases in the 1970s and 1980s, though the US continued to account for only something like a tenth of Soviet transactions with the west. The US retained its surplus throughout: Americans never came to love the Lada.

Re exchange schemes, an agreement was signed in 1958 and renewed in 1960, lasting until 1979, providing for exchanges of students, performers, technicians, movies, exhibitions and academic and political delegations. Twenty US students were to visit Moscow and Leningrad Universities in the first year and thirty in the second. Some unofficial cultural exchanges continued afterward as before. See https://librariesandcoldwarculturalexchange.wordpress.com/text-of-lacy-zaroubin-agreement-january-27-1958/ .