I realized I never really hear about Industrial Paris or Rome in the same terms. Also, is there equivalent literature that portrayed the poverty of those cities like Dickens that I don't know about because they aren't in English?
Les Miserables by Victor Hugo is a good example of poverty in Paris and France during the early 19th century. It's not particularly focused on industrial type poverty but the spirit of the novel captures the plight of "the miserable ones" living and dying in the cities. Fantine works in a factory with other women and is subjected to harassment by the male foreman. Not sure how accurate Bizet's Carmen is either, but Carmen and other marginalized women work in a cigarette factory in Seville.
I'm afraid I'm not a sanctioned historian, but, seeing as no-one who is has answered, here's my understanding:
While London was hardly unique in its poverty and poor conditions during the Victorian era, it can be argued that it was particularly bad, on account of the unprecedented rapidity of growth that it experienced due to the Industrial Revolution (factories causing huge numbers of people to move from the countryside to the cities).
Slums known as Rookeries (the closest modern equivalent of which would probably be the "Walled City" of Kowloon) - in which lax planning regulations and extreme poverty led to the "Dickensian" conditions which you're likely picturing - had been around since at least the 18th century (I'll have to look up some more information), so extreme poverty in London pre-dated the Victorian era.