Aside from the Exodus, there's some material about Egypt in Genesis as well. But really there's very little that bears checking. The Nile gets mentioned, and that's real. "Pharaoh" is a real title. Joseph's father-in-law, Potiphera, appears to have a genuine Egyptian name, apparently a Hebrew rendering of the Egyptian P'-di-p'-R' "he whom Ra gave, given by Ra". (In the midrash and in the Islamic tradition, Potiphera gets conflated with the better known character Potiphar: in the Islamic tradition he marries Potiphar's/ʿAzīz Miṣr's wife, rather than Potiphera's daughter.)

But other than details of local color, like these, there isn't really much to check. In any case, in that period you certainly shouldn't expect favorable odds for getting any corroboration of specific events (like Joseph's famine, or the Exodus).

Not discouraging any expert responses here, but just fyi, you may find something of interest in the FAQ

• there's a section on Moses and the Exodus: Do we know if The Exodus happened the way it's told in the Bible? If at all?

• and this more general section: Is the Bible historical?

If you have follow-up questions on any of these, post them here and page the relevant user by including their username