Why did France embrace Napoleon as an autocratic ruler rather than become a far more left wing western European power after the French revolution in the 18th century?

by welsh619

Even with thinkers like Blanqui and faurier and Simon (though I know they believed in different strains of socialism) why did the revolutionaries take on Napoleon and give him executive power rather than move towards a more socialist and even in Blanqui's words 'Communist' state?

DonaldFDraper

Well, first there's the question of whether Napoleon ended the French Revolution at all, which I would argue against as I would say he's a moderation of the Revolution rather than the destroyer. The Napoleonic Code is grounded in the ideal of equality under the law rather than approving of autocratic privilege. More so, he was given the approval of the French people by not one but by three Plebiscites which was legitimately supportive and overwhelming in the voting, making him First Counsul, First Consul for Life, then Emperor.

But finally, the final reason that Napoleon became powerful despite a moderating and conservative Revolutionary force is because people got tired of upheaval. With the constant ulcer of the Vendee and the constant governmental change, there wasn't any stability in France. The most liberal element of the French Revolution (the Jacobins) were self destructive and almost ate France whole. With that, people wanted to get away from the extremism of the Jacobins and supported the moderation of Napoleon.

_bmw

Napoleon actually brought much prosperity to France, starting primarily with his victories as a general in Egypt in 1798, giving him an excellent reputation. Equally, the government during the Egypt campaign was the "Directoire", with very weak power shared between five people. The coup-d'état lead by Napoleon at his return succeeded, as he, at first, became First Consul, with two other consuls, making a relatively shared power, though the two other consuls had a smaller importance than Bonaparte himself. He named himself Consul for life, in 1802. This was accepted because he actually brought order to the French society, putting an end to most violence and civil war-like confrontations (especially in Vendée, where there were many royalist uprisings).

When Napoleon became Emperor, he wrote the Code Napoleon (the foundation for the modern-day French "Code Civil"), establishing now evident bases and rights for modern society. He allowed freedom of religion, diverse succession rights.

These good deeds from Napoleon eclipsed the downsides of his rule, for instance the censuring of the press, or the very belligerent character of his rule.