Does anyone know any good books or resources on this topic? I'm particularly curious about German soldiers who were captured and imprisoned on the Eastern Front.
This statistic particularly stands out for me "Out of the nearly 110,000 German prisoners captured in Stalingrad, only about 5,000 ever returned." What happened to all these men?
Soldiers: German POW'S on Fighting, Killing and Dying by Sönke Neitzel and Harald Welzer
Edit: May have misinterpreted OP's definition of after the war
Not solely on German POWs, but Year Zero is good.
One of the best books on this topic is Frank Biess's Homecomings: Returning POWs and the Legacies of Defeat in Postwar Germany which examines some of the complicated issues that resulted from defeat. Biess is a very judicious historian and he covers a lot of ground in a compact monograph.
Another interesting book on this subject is Legacies of Stalingrad Remembering the Eastern Front in Germany since 1945 by Christina Morina. While not about POWs per se, it examines the intersection between memories of defeat and politics in both Germanies. One aspect that Morina's book covers is how the issue of lost POWs in the USSR became an important political and cultural trope in the early years of the FRG.