By tall ships, I'm referring to those prior to mainstream steam ship technologies such as Old Iron Side. I also would like to get an idea of what it used to be like in the old days in terms of harbor life with Tall Ships.
Thanks in advance!
There are no photographs from the 1700s, early or otherwise, as photography was not discovered/invented until the 1820s, around the same time as steamships started practical use. There are vintage photographs of harbors filled with tall ships though, from during that later period. The best known examples I can think of off the top of my head come from San Francisco Bay, during the gold rush of the 1840s-50s. Many ships were sailed there full of prospectors, and then were abandoned in the harbor as their crews also flocked to the gold fields. Here are links to three photos of SF Bay in 1851:
As for how many tall ships still exist that are from the age of sail, rather than being modern reconstructions... I couldn't begin to guess a number. The easy answer though is "not many." Almost all of those still around have been extensively restored, repaired, and replaced to the point where one might be hard pressed to find much of the original ship still present. This would include ships like the USS Constitution. The National Historic Fleet of the UK has around half a dozen such ships, including the HMS Victory.
Shipwreck recoveries offer a couple of other fascinating examples - the Vasa of 1628, from Sweden, is a remarkably intact vessel now in museum. A chunk of the Mary Rose, built in 1511 for Britain, is also in museum (though it is literally just a big chunk of one side of the lower structure, nothing resembling a ship). They significantly out-date the surviving examples of un-sunken ships mentioned above.
One of the best-preserved...
Well, wait a minute. The US Navy still sails an old tall ship, Old Ironsides herself - I believe the oldest ship still in active service in any military. U.S.S. Constitution would be a great example of a tall ship.
No longer seaworthy (and barely ever seaworthy) is the Vasa, a ship made as a symbol of Swedish naval might for King Gustav II that was so top-heavy, she capsized as soon as she caught her first wind.
Luckily for marine archaeologists, she went down just off the coast of Stockholm in water that stays ice-cold most of the year, so the wreck was nearly perfectly preserved some three centuries later.
You can still see the Vasa in a museum. You can still come aboard Constitution free of charge (or even serve as crew - with keen uniforms).
As for photographs from the 1800s, most of the ones I'm familiar with are Chinese, so maybe not exactly the image you're looking for.
There are a few 19th-century photographs of major ports like Sydney or Honolulu(scroll down - that may be later than the 19th century, but not by much - there are even more from 1888 specifically if you prefer).
Just because of the timing of the technology, all the photographs are from a time when steamships were already around, though. Some of the first steamships were also tall ships, after a fashion - they had smokestacks between the masts, like ss Chimborazo or ss Ancon.
EDIT TO ADD: You might be interested in Boston Public Library's gallery of photos of Constitution in Charlestown's Navy Yard, and in New York... - in some, she's not the only tall ship in the harbor, and there are quite a few old photos of prior visits to dry dock. Most seem to be from around the 1920s and 30s.
I don't know how many there are left in the world, but I have visited Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in England. There they have Nelson's HMS Victory, HMH Warrior (either first ironclad or iron built ship in the world) and the remains of the Henry VIII's Mary Rose (it sank in the 16thC but was recovered, large portions were recovered intact and are preserved in a special tank thing). I hope this was of some use. It's a great place to visit if you ever get the chance.
The Gokstad Ship in the Viking Ship museum in Oslo, Norway, was built about 850. She was buried in a mound as part of a funeral ceremony, and dug up in 1880.
http://www.khm.uio.no/english/visit-us/viking-ship-museum/exhibitions/gokstad/
The Oseberg Ship, in the same museum, was built before 834, and dug up in 1903.
The Charles W. Morgan, a wooden whaler built in 1841 is the flagship of the Mystic Seaport Museum in CT. She was recently relaunched after a major overhaul beginning in 2008.
The Cutty Sark, a British tea clipper, built in 1869, is still preserved today in Greenwich, England, by the British National Maritime Museum.
http://www.rmg.co.uk/about/press/cutty-sark-press-pack/history-of-cutty-sark
The Balclutha, a three masted square rigged ship, launched in 1886 is a museum ship in San Francisco.
http://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/balclutha-history.htm
Perhaps the oldest ships which still exist are "Khufu's ships", dug up in the 1980s near the pyramids of Ghiza in Egypt. They are circa 4,500 years old and are on display in a museum near the pyramids.
http://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/balclutha-history.htm
Not as old as OP wanted, but there is the Star of India docked in San Diego, the last of the full rigged iron Windjammer ships. It still goes out under sail occasionally. It is quite the site in the beautiful San Diego harbor, when under full sails.
