In the 1920s, Germany had Training Camps in the USSR where Soldiers Practiced with and Tested Equipment Banned by Versailles - How did these Work Exactly?

by Veqq

When were they established and closed down? How many people went to them? Where were they exactly?

TheAlmightySnark

I do not know how the German Army around that time handled it but I can elaborate a bit on the Aviation Arm(the Luftwaffe did not come into existence yet until years later).

After the armistice of 1918 the Allies demanded the surrender of 2000 German Aircraft, later on the Treaty of Versailles required pretty much any military aviation to be handed over to the Allies.

Versailles Treaty, article 198-202 James S Corum writes "Also, Germany was to be permanently forbidden from maintaining a military or naval air force.", so as you can see it was a pretty bleak time for German aviators, on 8th of May 1920 the Luftstreitkräfte was officially disbanded.

During this period Von Seeckt did seek a alternative for creating a airforce, which resulted in the German/Russian Rapallo Treaty of 1922, Corum writes on this

"In a series of secret military provisions, the Soviets agreed to allow the Germans to establish air force and army training and testing centers in Russia, in return for technological assistance and training for their own airmen and soldiers."

At this point creating a shadow Luftwaffe was the main goal of the Germans in Russia, for this to happend they send the wartime chief of the air force staff to Russia, Colonel Lieth Thomsen. The aim was "the establishment of a pilot training school, where Reichswher officers could take a proper military combat aviation course using the latest aircraft"

They would use the training facility to also test new airplane designs by the German aviation industry of the 1920's. The airbase was build near Lipetsk, roughly 220 miles from Moscow. It had 2 runways, hangers and a machine shop. 50 Fokker D XIII were secretly obtained, seen here at Lipetsk. The base opened in 1925 and was active until 1933. New tactics and weapon delivery methods were tested here and it allowed the German Reichswehr to have a aviation department, albeit secretly.

I can really recommend reading James S Corum's The Luftwaffe - Creating the Operational Air War, 1918-1940 which delves deep into the interwar period concerning German aviation.