I can't vouch for its quality, since I haven't yet had the chance to watch it, but you might enjoy the show How Sherlock Changed the World, which provides examples of Doyle's and his fans' influence on criminal investigation.

More recently, but still decades before CSI, you might be interested in what was termed "Perry Mason Syndrome." It was thought that jurors who had watched the popular courtroom show Perry Mason expected dramatic confessions and would be hesitant to convict if the defendant did not break down on the stand and confess (which almost never happens in a real courtroom). An anecdotal report of one such incident is described in this 1991 article about the effect of TV on juries (page 6).