Ooh. My time to shine. Full disclosure, actually an anthropologist but I am hindu so I know a bit about the history here.

So, putting aside religious beliefs about the origin of the Vedas, they seem to have been composed from 1700 bc (this would be the very early mantras) . Then there was a vedic period from 1500-500 BC when the vedas (and indian culture, really) was established. The vedas were mostly spoken so this isn't a date for an actual book, just for the composition and completion (or, if you prefer, the compiling of the revealed vedas).

The vedic age begins with the Aryans immigration into northwest india so as for location, it would be north india.

Sources - Bryant, Edwin (2001). The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture. Oxford University Press. (great book!)

Staal, Frits (2008), Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insightsh

Reddy, K. Krishna (2011), Indian History, Tata McGraw-Hill Education