Europe for the longest time had views of Asia as a mythical, exoctic location to the East. But how did Asia view the rest of the world? Was Europe thought of as a crazy mythical place as well? What about Africa? Did they have any ideas of Islands to the south like Indonesia or Australia? Did they have any ideas about land masses to further East?
Broadly speaking, Asia can be defined as "that part of Eurasia which is not Europe." There are common cultural and historical strands that run through most of Europe and remain conspicuous in modern Europe. There is no such thing in Asia. For a little test, think about how similar, culturally and historically, Spain and Russia are; then think about the similarities between Japan and Turkey. While the Sinai or Panama provide geographic reasons that Africa and the Americas are separate continents, the division of Eurasia into two are entirely artificial, and I find it very Eurocentric, to be frank.
Sorry for this little rant. Anyways, my point is, Asia is enormous. Ancient Asia includes the Hittites, the Zhou, and everything in between. So is there any part of Asia you have in mind?