The male line of the Habsburgs went extinct with the death of Maria Theresa. She married Francis of Lorraine and their descendants down to the crowned heads dethroned post-WWI were technically of the House of Lorraine, though they styled themselves the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and are simply known by most as still being the Habsburgs.

I assume you're asking about this in a European context, but I will quickly answer by saying that many sub-Saharan African states, for long periods, featured matrilineal inheritance and accession to the throne. Often, this meant that a male would rule/inherit, but by dint of his connection to his mother's family, and not his fathers. In many cases, the elites of a state would be able to select a ruler from among a king's sisters' children (usually sons), thus continuing the matrilineal line.

as a followup: i've heard the picts in scotland in the hundred or so years before the earliest CK2 start (charlemaigne essentially) used matrilinial succession (the source being the history of Britain podcast if i remember correctly). can someone confirm/elaborate please?