I'm not sure about textbooks from other periods (though I doubt they're readily available), but the so-called Short Course is online in English. This textbook was the sole standard history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for most of the Stalin era, having been commissioned and personally overseen by Stalin himself. As a result, I'd say it's certainly the most famous and widely read Soviet textbook, and it gives a good sense of Stalinist ideology with regard to the revolution, Communism, and the position and history of the USSR.

You can find it online at http://www.marx2mao.com/Other/HCPSU39NB.html. If you're interested in secondary literature about Soviet history textbooks, I recommend David Brandenberger's work, especially National Bolshevism.

Not exactly what you're asking for, but the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia was translated and published by (I think) MacMillan. Perhaps you can find it through interlibrary lending. If your intention is to learn how history was taught in the USSR that would be a good place to start.