I was thinking this yesterday while watching Bridge of Spies. Part of me thinks that the soviets would not send anybody over to America without having some sort of collateral back home like Family.
He wasn't Soviet, but you may be interested in the story of Li Cunxin. He grew up in Cultural Revolution-era China, and was trained as a ballet dancer at Madame Mao's School for the Arts. In 1979, at age 18, as both one of the best dancers at the academy and a prominent member of the young Communist party, he was chosen to go to America as part of a student exchange program with the Houston ballet.
Whether you can call him a "spy" is iffy. He was not a trained spy, and certainly did not go digging around for state secrets or anything. But he was instructed to observe everything about American life and report on it once he got back. Party officials were especially looking for things they could use as propaganda fodder: poverty, crime, things that showed the evil sides of capitalism.
Li was in fact floored by the standard of living he saw in Houston. Everyone had a car. When he needed new ballet tights, his host took him to the mall and went on a shopping spree that totaled his entire family's living expenses for six months back in Qingdao. And the concept of freedom of speech flabbergasted him. He claims that one night at a bar, his friend went on a rant about how terrible President Carter was, and he spent the rest of the night looking over his shoulder waiting to be arrested.
Li went back to China and reported on what he'd seen, embellishing all the dirty stuff to appease his superiors in the Party. But after seeing the difference between the CCP's propaganda and the actual American way of life, his faith in Communism was shaken. Over the next year it was destroyed. He wanted to go back to the US, to continue the exchange student program. But Party officials denied his request and stonewalled him at every turn. Finally he caught a lucky break when one bureaucrat went on vacation, and the guy filling in hadn't seen the "ignore this kid" memo. His second trip to America was approved.
To America he went, and in America he stayed. His year-long battle with the Party's bureaucracy had destroyed his faith in the Communist Party, and he had a budding romance with an American girl. So when the time came to return to China, he refused. He married the girl and requested asylum in the US.
Unfortunately, he made the very stupid decision of entering the Chinese consulate in Houston to explain his actions. They locked him in a cell and interrogated him. They thought that the CIA had coerced him into betraying his country, or some similar nefarious plot. Unfortunately for them, the Houston Ballet has some very powerful patrons, including then-Vice President George Bush. Li's defection and subsequent detention started a minor international incident, and the FBI surrounded the consulate. After 21 hours the Chinese released Li, but they revoked his citizenship. He wouldn't see his family again for almost a decade, when diplomatic tensions between the two countries eased and his parents were allowed to visit him.
Li tells his story in his autobiography, Mao's Last Dancer. It was made into a movie in 2009. It was pretty decent if you like ballet movies, but if you care about the historical and political details I'd recommend the book instead.
Though not an exact match to your question, Albrecht Dittrich aka Jack Barsky was a Soviet spy who had a kid here and decided not to return home when instructed to. If I recall correctly, he told his handlers he had contracted AIDS. The US program 60 Minutes did a story on him in May 2015.
I would like to expand on OP's questions, where there ANY reports on Communist politicians/ambassadors defecting to Western countries after seeing the higher living standard?
I am looking for similar stories as well. Something similar to that "Boris Yetsin visiting a houston grocery store and being shocked at how much food was available on a regular day" story.
There have got to be more stories of the culture shock communists encountered when they saw reality.
I never heard of that happening but, did read several times that when their various people came to the states or Western Europe and saw how people lived they felt that had been lied too and it helped them make up their mind to defect.
Pull of family and home is strong. Not many like the thought of ever seeing parents or siblings again.
When I was stationed in Wash DC in the 70s we would get reports of the Commie nations people going home with trunks of stuff. Embassy planes could hardly get off the ground due to all the stuff on board. We got reports of the border check points along the Soviet border of Americans taking Cigs, condoms, Playboy or about any other porn and trading for Soviet military clothing, mostly belts with large hammer and sickle buckles.