There are probably other examples, but the first that springs to mind is a recent study at the University of Nottingham to test a recipe found in a 10th-century manuscript. The study involved an Anglo-Saxon Literature expert working with a team of microbiologists to recreate a "potion" for the treatment of infections. The ointment was described as "a loathsome slime" but yielded impressive results against cultures of MRSA (one of the worst antibiotic-resistant bacteria species known)

Full article from the University: https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2015/march/ancientbiotics---a-medieval-remedy-for-modern-day-superbugs.aspx