It's been over 70 years since the end of the Holocaust, and the world's population has swelled since then. What about the Jewish population? Has it reached the level it was at before the Holocaust? And how spread out are they compared to before? More, or perhaps less because of Israel?
Today's global Jewish population is still slightly below that of the generation before the Holocaust. This is due to intermarriage and assimalation in the US and Soviet Union which hosted the two largest post-Holocaust Jewish communities outside of Israel. Additionally, Jews in the Soviet Union faced discrimination and persecution while Jews in the US had a low birth rate.
While Jewish history since the destruction of the first Temple and exile to Babylon in 586 BCE was characterized by Jews spreading out more and more across the globe, post-Holocaust has been characterized by the consolidation of the world's Jewish population in Israel and America where the majority of Jewish refugees went after the Holocaust. Besides this, almost the entire Jewish population of North Africa and the Middle was either expelled or fled because of violence, depending on the country, after the creation of Israel in 1948 with the majority being taken in by Israel.
Here is a lovely pie chart showing world Jewry distribution as of 2013. It's from the American Jewish Yearbook 2013 and can be found here.
Sadly, the American Jewish Yearbook 1938 only had lists in tables and no pretty and colorful pie charts. You can look at it here. I've copied some general figures from the report.
Jewish population of-
Central and Eastern Europe 7,363,000
Western and Southern Europe 1,590,000
Northern Europe 185,000
USA 4,227,000
North America (excluding USA) 176,000
South America 318,000
North Africa 602,000
Sub-Saharan Africa 149,000
Palestinian Mandate 386,000
Middle East (excluding Palestinian Mandate) 128,000
Central and Northern Asia 223,000
Eastern and Southern Asia 48,000
Australia 27,000
*edited for spelling