I believe this stems from Matthew 21:12: "And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves..." (King James Version). Here's a listing of the various versions in English of the verse.

I hope that a Church historian can elaborate, but essentially this story is about the perceived corruption of Judaism by the presence of money-changers in the Temple, which Jesus viewed as an affront to God's dignity by allowing such crass mortal affairs to intrude on worship.

ETA: I was wrong! See below!