Did the Native Americans have the knowledge of using the stars for travel and navigation?

by brotallyswagical_

Did any Native American tribe in North America know that stars could be used to determine where to go or was that only an Eastern principle?

951gaspra

Of course they did.

See, for example Douglas T. Peck's article "Development of Celestial Navigation by the Ancient Maya", in Journal of Navigation Studies 54 (2001). He writes that "the ancient Chontal Maya in northern Yucatan possessed large seaworthy vessels in which they navigated long distances out of sight of land (400–600 nautical miles) to reach the islands of the Caribbean and the shores of Florida." They would use the sun to navigate in daytime but in order to stay on track at night "would have required reference to the circumpolar stars and planets with which they were thoroughly familiar" (145).

After studying Maya star charts, he concludes that the their "advanced knowledge of astronomy and the sophisticated system of predicting and displaying the orbital path of the stars, planets, and constellations in their relative position in the sky on any one date would have made celestial navigation an easily attained art or science." However, he notes that "the Maya system of celestial navigation would not have converted the celestial observations to a latitude-longitude line of position (LOP) as in modern (or early) celestial navigation." But he stresses that "this concept of navigation in which the position of the vessel is related only to its point of departure is not unique or common only to the Maya. It was the same basic concept, based on dead reckoning navigation, used by early European navigators on their portolan charts for centuries before (and even after) acceptance of the latitude-longitude method of fixing a position on the face of the Earth" (148-9).

For evidence that knowledge of the stars is pretty much universal among world cultures, see Kathryn Sikes' "Stars as Social Space? Contextualizing 17th-century Chesapeake Star-Motif pipes", in which she shows how in early colonial America, "stars and constellations represented familiar features in a landscape otherwise alien [...] They were therefore among the points of convergence which served to provide a foundation for dialogue across ethnic boundaries." https://www.academia.edu/3350616/Stars_as_social_space_Contextualizing_17th-century_Chesapeake_star-motif_pipes

Resteban_Mongle

It is believed that Native Americans used the Big Horn Medicine Wheel to chart solstices and the rising of constellations. They used it to discern when to leave the area because of impending cold/snowy weather.